---
title: The Christians were slowly driven from street to street, and square… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Christians were slowly driven from street to street, and square to square, disputing every inch of ground; until, finding another body of the enemy approaching to attack them in rear, they took refuge in a convent, and succeeded in throwing to and barring the ponderous doors. Who acts: Christian
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., sentence 32

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The Christians were slowly driven from street to street, and square to square, disputing every inch of ground; until, finding another body of the enemy approaching to attack them in rear, they took refuge in a convent, and succeeded in throwing to and barring the ponderous doors.

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**Who acts:** Christians, enemy · **What happens:** drive, square, dispute, find, approach, attack · **To what, where:** Christians, street, inch, body, rear, refuge

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:24:32
# text = The Christians were slowly driven from street to street, and square to square, disputing every inch of ground; until, finding another body of the enemy approaching to attack them in rear, they took refuge in a convent, and succeeded in throwing to and barring the ponderous doors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	square	square	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	square	square	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	disputing	dispute	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
17	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	inch	inch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
22	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	finding	find	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	38	advcl	_	_
25	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	29	acl	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	rear	rear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
39	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	convent	convent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	succeeded	succeed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	conj	_	_
46	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
47	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	45	advcl	_	_
48	to	to	ADP	IN	_	47	fixed	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	barring	bar	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	47	conj	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	ponderous	ponderous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past · passive |  | the Christians |  | street |  | to street; slowly *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from street=Destination to street=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **square** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **square** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **dispute** | gerund |  | every inch of ground |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **find** | gerund | Christians *= christian* *not said here* | another body of the enemy |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Topic |
| 6 | **approach** | gerund | the enemy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **attack** | to-infinitive | the enemy *not said here* | Christians *= christian* |  | rear |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 8 | **take** | past | Christians *= christian* | refuge |  | a convent |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent refuge=Value in convent=Location |
| 9 | **succeed** | past | Christians *= christian* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **throw** | gerund | Christians *= christian* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 11 | **bar** | gerund | Christians *= christian* *not said here* | the ponderous doors |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer door=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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