---
title: Promise to stand by me to the last, and I will undertake your defenc… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Promise to stand by me to the last, and I will undertake your defence.” Who acts: Promise, I, your. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., sentence 9

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Promise to stand by me to the last, and I will undertake your defence.”

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**Who acts:** Promise, I, your · **What happens:** stand, undertake, defend · **To what, where:** defence

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Promise, I, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:24:9
# text = Promise to stand by me to the last, and I will undertake your defence.”
1	Promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	undertake	undertake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | to-infinitive | Promise |  |  |  |  | by me; to the last | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by i=Location |
| 2 | **undertake** | future | I | your defence |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Eventuality |
| 3 | **defend** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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