---
title: His horse, too, was maimed and unable to stand, so that there was no… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: His horse, too, was maimed and unable to stand, so that there was no hope of escape. Who acts: hope, escape. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes., sentence 36

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His horse, too, was maimed and unable to stand, so that there was no hope of escape.

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**Who acts:** hope, escape · **What happens:** maim, stand, be, hope · **To what, where:** horse

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hope, escape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:25:36
# text = His horse, too, was maimed and unable to stand, so that there was no hope of escape.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	maimed	maim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	16	expl	_	_
16	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	escape	escape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maim** | past · passive |  | Pelistes's horse |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **stand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **be** | past | no hope of escape |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hope** |  | escape |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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