---
title: Seeing his adversary dismounted, he disdained to take him at a disad… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Seeing his adversary dismounted, he disdained to take him at a disadvantage, but, alighting, tied his horse to a tree. Who acts: Seeing, Magued. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes., with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes., sentence 42

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Seeing his adversary dismounted, he disdained to take him at a disadvantage, but, alighting, tied his horse to a tree.

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**Who acts:** Seeing, Magued · **What happens:** see, dismount, disdain, take, alight, tie · **To what, where:** adversary, Magued, disadvantage, horse

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Seeing, Magued), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:25:42
# text = Seeing his adversary dismounted, he disdained to take him at a disadvantage, but, alighting, tied his horse to a tree.
1	Seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	dismounted	dismount	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	disdained	disdain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	disadvantage	disadvantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	alighting	alight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund |  | Magued's adversary |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer adversary=Stimulus |
| 2 | **dismount** | past | Seeing |  |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **disdain** | past | Magued |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **take** | to-infinitive | Magued *not said here* | Magued |  | a disadvantage |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent he=Theme at disadvantage=Asset |
| 5 | **alight** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **tie** | past | Seeing *not said here* | Magued's horse |  |  |  | to a tree | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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