---
title: I could mourn over the loss of my companions in arms, but they have… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: I could mourn over the loss of my companions in arms, but they have fallen with honour, and are spared the wretchedness I feel in witnessing the thraldom of my country. Who acts: I, cavaliers. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian., sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I could mourn over the loss of my companions in arms, but they have fallen with honour, and are spared the wretchedness I feel in witnessing the thraldom of my country.

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**Who acts:** I, cavaliers · **What happens:** mourn, fall, spare, feel, witness · **To what, where:** loss, wretchedness, thraldom

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, cavaliers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:26:10
# text = I could mourn over the loss of my companions in arms, but they have fallen with honour, and are spared the wretchedness I feel in witnessing the thraldom of my country.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mourn	mourn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	honour	honour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	spared	spare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	wretchedness	wretchedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
28	witnessing	witness	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	thraldom	thraldom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | could | I |  |  | the loss of my companions in arms |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **fall** | present · perfect | cavaliers *= cavalier* |  |  |  |  | with honour | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spare** | present · passive | cavaliers *= cavalier* *not said here* | the wretchedness |  |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: wretchedness=Asset |
| 4 | **feel** | present | I | the wretchedness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wretchedness=Theme |
| 5 | **witness** | gerund | I *not said here* | the thraldom of my country |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thraldom=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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