--- title: I have seen my only son, the pride and hope of my age, cut down at m… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: I have seen my only son, the pride and hope of my age, cut down at my side; I have beheld kindred friends and followers falling one by one around me, and have become so seasoned to those losses that I have ceased to weep. Who acts: I, kindred friends, age. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of S --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/26/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/26/) / 11 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian., sentence 11 I have seen my only son, the pride and hope of my age, cut down at my side; I have beheld kindred friends and followers falling one by one around me, and have become so seasoned to those losses that I have ceased to weep. **Who acts:** I, kindred friends, age · **What happens:** see, cut down, behold, fall, become, cease · **To what, where:** only son, pride, kindred friends, one, losses This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, kindred friends, age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:26:11 # text = I have seen my only son, the pride and hope of my age, cut down at my side; I have beheld kindred friends and followers falling one by one around me, and have become so seasoned to those losses that I have ceased to weep. 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 pride pride NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 hope hope NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ _ 17 down down ADP RP _ 16 compound:prt _ _ 18 at at ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 22 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 23 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 beheld behold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 25 kindred kindred ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 followers follower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 29 falling fall VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 acl _ _ 30 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 obj _ _ 31 by by ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nmod _ _ 33 around around ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 become become VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 24 conj _ _ 39 so so ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 seasoned seasoned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 xcomp _ _ 41 to to ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 43 det _ _ 43 losses loss NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 44 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 47 obj _ _ 45 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 46 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 aux _ _ 47 ceased cease VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 43 acl:relcl _ _ 48 to to PART TO _ 49 mark _ _ 49 weep weep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 47 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | present · perfect | I | my only son | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer son=Stimulus | | 2 | **cut down** | participle | | the pride and hope of my age *not said here* | | | | at my side | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at side=Patient | | 3 | **behold** | present · perfect | I | kindred friends and followers | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer friend=Stimulus | | 4 | **fall** | gerund | kindred friends and followers *not said here* | one | | | | by one around me | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient one=Result | | 5 | **become** | present · perfect | I *not said here* | | | | | seasoned *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **cease** | present · perfect | I | that losses | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **weep** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **hope** | | my age | | | | | | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/26/10/) - next →: [sentence 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/26/12/) - ↑ back to [Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/26/)