---
title: My friend, alas! is dead; and thou art some fiend from hell, which h… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: My friend, alas! is dead; and thou art some fiend from hell, which has taken possession of his body to dishonour his memory and render him an abhorrence among men!” Who acts: friend. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the T
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian., sentence 37

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My friend, alas! is dead; and thou art some fiend from hell, which has taken possession of his body to dishonour his memory and render him an abhorrence among men!”

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**Who acts:** friend · **What happens:** be, take, dishonour, render, possess · **To what, where:** fiend, memory, abhorrence, friend, body

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:26:37
# text = My friend, alas! is dead; and thou art some fiend from hell, which has taken possession of his body to dishonour his memory and render him an abhorrence among men!”
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	alas	ala	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
11	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	fiend	fiend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	hell	hell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
20	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	dishonour	dishonour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	render	render	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	abhorrence	abhorrence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	among	among	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend and alas |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present · perfect · passive |  | some fiend |  |  |  | possession of friend's body *obj* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme possession=Destination |
| 3 | **dishonour** | to-infinitive |  | friend's memory |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus memory=Experiencer |
| 4 | **render** | present | My friend and alas *not said here* | a abhorrence | friend |  |  | among men | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient abhorrence=Theme |
| 5 | **possess** |  |  | friend's body |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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