--- title: We have been oppressed and insulted by the Christians in the time of… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: We have been oppressed and insulted by the Christians in the time of their prosperity, and now that they are threatened with siege, they have taken from us all our provisions and our money; they have compelled us to work like slaves, repairing their walls; and they oblige us to bear arms and guard a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Chapter VI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/) / 12 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VI., sentence 12 We have been oppressed and insulted by the Christians in the time of their prosperity, and now that they are threatened with siege, they have taken from us all our provisions and our money; they have compelled us to work like slaves, repairing their walls; and they oblige us to bear arms and guard a part of the towers. **Who acts:** Christians, our · **What happens:** oppress, insult, threaten, take, compel, work · **To what, where:** We, Christians, us, walls, arms, part This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:27:12 # text = We have been oppressed and insulted by the Christians in the time of their prosperity, and now that they are threatened with siege, they have taken from us all our provisions and our money; they have compelled us to work like slaves, repairing their walls; and they oblige us to bear arms and guard a part of the towers. 1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 oppressed oppress VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 insulted insult VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Christians Christian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 prosperity prosperity NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 18 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 22 advmod _ _ 19 that that SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 threatened threaten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 23 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 siege siege NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 29 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ _ 31 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 33 det:predet _ _ 32 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 provisions provision NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 38 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 compelled compel VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 41 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 iobj _ _ 42 to to PART TO _ 43 mark _ _ 43 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 advcl _ _ 44 like like ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 slaves slave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 repairing repair VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 45 conj _ _ 48 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 walls wall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 50 ; ; PUNCT : _ 53 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 52 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 nsubj _ _ 53 oblige oblige VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 54 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 53 obj _ _ 55 to to PART TO _ 56 mark _ _ 56 bear bear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 53 advcl _ _ 57 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 56 obj _ _ 58 and and CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 59 guard guard VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 56 conj _ _ 60 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 61 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 obj _ _ 62 of of ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 63 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 64 det _ _ 64 towers tower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 65 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **oppress** | present · perfect · passive | | We | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **insult** | participle | | | | | time | by the Christians | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **threaten** | present · passive | | Christians *= christian* | | | now | with siege | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | | 4 | **take** | present · perfect | Christians *= christian* | | | | | from us; our provisions and our money *conj* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from we=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **compel** | present · perfect | Christians *= christian* | | us | | | | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient | | 6 | **work** | to-infinitive | Christians *= christian* *not said here* | | | | | like slaves | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **repair** | gerund | Christians *= christian* *not said here* | Christians's walls | | | | | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent wall=Patient | | 8 | **oblige** | present | Christians *= christian* | us | | | | | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient | | 9 | **bear** | to-infinitive | Christians *= christian* *not said here* | arms | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | | 10 | **guard** | infinitive | Christians *= christian* *not said here* | a part of the towers | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Beneficiary | | 11 | **provide** | | our | | | | | | nom provision «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/11/) - next →: [sentence 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/13/) - ↑ back to [Chapter VI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/)