---
title: On a dark night, a chosen band of Moslem warriors approached the par… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: On a dark night, a chosen band of Moslem warriors approached the part of the walls guarded by the Jews, and were secretly admitted into a postern gate and concealed within a tower. Who acts: chosen band. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI., with its dep
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VI., sentence 19

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On a dark night, a chosen band of Moslem warriors approached the part of the walls guarded by the Jews, and were secretly admitted into a postern gate and concealed within a tower.

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**Who acts:** chosen band · **What happens:** choose, approach, guard, admit, conceal · **To what, where:** part, walls, postern gate

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chosen band), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:27:19
# text = On a dark night, a chosen band of Moslem warriors approached the part of the walls guarded by the Jews, and were secretly admitted into a postern gate and concealed within a tower.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Moslem	Moslem	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	approached	approach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	guarded	guard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
25	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	admitted	admit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	parataxis	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	postern	postern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
33	within	within	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **approach** | past | a chosen band of Moslem warriors | the part of the walls |  |  | night |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |
| 3 | **guard** | participle |  | the walls *not said here* |  |  |  | the Jews *obl:agent* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **admit** *speech: other* | past · passive |  |  |  | a postern gate |  | secretly *property* | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S» |
| 5 | **conceal** | past |  |  |  |  |  | within a tower | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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