---
title: At sight of this signal the Arabs, in ambush beyond the river, rose… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: At sight of this signal the Arabs, in ambush beyond the river, rose with a great shout, and attacked the multitude who were thronging to the church of St. Leocadia. Who acts: multitude. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI., with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VI., sentence 26

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At sight of this signal the Arabs, in ambush beyond the river, rose with a great shout, and attacked the multitude who were thronging to the church of St. Leocadia.

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**Who acts:** multitude · **What happens:** rise, attack, throng, sight · **To what, where:** sight, multitude, signal

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (multitude), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:27:26
# text = At sight of this signal the Arabs, in ambush beyond the river, rose with a great shout, and attacked the multitude who were thronging to the church of St. Leocadia.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ambush	ambush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
15	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	thronging	throng	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	acl:relcl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod:desc	_	_
33	Leocadia	Leocadia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past |  |  |  | sight of this signal |  | with a great shout | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at sight=Location |
| 2 | **attack** | past |  | the multitude |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent multitude=Patient |
| 3 | **throng** | past · progressive | the multitude |  |  |  |  | to the church of Leocadia  St. | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 4 | **sight** |  |  | this signal |  |  |  |  | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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