--- title: There was a great massacre, although the people were without arms, a… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: There was a great massacre, although the people were without arms, and made no resistance; and it is said, in ancient chronicles, that it was the apostate Bishop Oppas who guided the Moslems to their prey, and incited them to this slaughter. Who acts: great massacre, people, resistance, apostate. A --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Chapter VI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/) / 27 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VI., sentence 27 There was a great massacre, although the people were without arms, and made no resistance; and it is said, in ancient chronicles, that it was the apostate Bishop Oppas who guided the Moslems to their prey, and incited them to this slaughter. **Who acts:** great massacre, people, resistance, apostate · **What happens:** be, make, say, guide, incite · **To what, where:** resistance, apostate, Moslems, prey, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great massacre, people, resistance, apostate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:27:27 # text = There was a great massacre, although the people were without arms, and made no resistance; and it is said, in ancient chronicles, that it was the apostate Bishop Oppas who guided the Moslems to their prey, and incited them to this slaughter. 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 massacre massacre NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 7 although although SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 11 without without ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 16 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 17 det _ _ 17 resistance resistance NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 chronicles chronicle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 30 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 apostate apostate NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 ccomp _ _ 33 Bishop Bishop PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 appos _ _ 34 Oppas Oppas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 flat _ _ 35 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 36 nsubj _ _ 36 guided guide VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 parataxis _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 Moslems Moslem PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 39 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 incited incite VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 conj _ _ 45 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ _ 46 to to ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 48 det _ _ 48 slaughter slaughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | a great massacre and arms | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | past | the people | | | | | without arms | tree rules | | 3 | **make** | past | | no resistance | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset resistance=Product | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | resistance | | | | ancient chronicles *obj* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme chronicle=Manner | | 5 | **is a** | past | resistance | the apostate | | | | Bishop *appos* | tree rules | | 6 | **guide** | past | the apostate | the Moslems | | people's prey | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent moslem=Theme to prey=Destination | | 7 | **incite** | past | the apostate *not said here* | people | | | | to this slaughter | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/26/) - next →: [sentence 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/28/) - ↑ back to [Chapter VI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/)