---
title: Many of the Christians had taken refuge within the church, and had b… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Many of the Christians had taken refuge within the church, and had barred the doors; but Oppas commanded that fire should be set to the portals, threatening to put every one within to the sword. Who acts: Many Christians, Oppas. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VI., sentence 29

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Many of the Christians had taken refuge within the church, and had barred the doors; but Oppas commanded that fire should be set to the portals, threatening to put every one within to the sword.

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**Who acts:** Many Christians, Oppas · **What happens:** take, bar, command, set, threaten, put · **To what, where:** refuge, doors, fire, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many Christians, Oppas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:27:29
# text = Many of the Christians had taken refuge within the church, and had barred the doors; but Oppas commanded that fire should be set to the portals, threatening to put every one within to the sword.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	within	within	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	barred	bar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Oppas	Oppas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	portals	portal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	threatening	threaten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	34	det	_	_
34	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	within	within	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · perfect | the Many Christians | refuge |  |  |  | within the church | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuge=Theme |
| 2 | **bar** | past · perfect | the Many Christians *not said here* | the doors |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer door=Theme |
| 3 | **command** | past | Oppas |  |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **set** | should · passive |  | fire |  |  |  | to the portals | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 5 | **threaten** | gerund | Oppas *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **put** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Oppas *not said here* | every one |  |  |  | within the sword | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent one=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/28/)
- next →: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/30/)
- ↑ back to [Chapter VI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/)