---
title: The guards within feared to open the gate, lest with their friends t… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The guards within feared to open the gate, lest with their friends they should admit a torrent of enemies. Who acts: Arabs. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona., with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona., sentence 17

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The guards within feared to open the gate, lest with their friends they should admit a torrent of enemies.

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**Who acts:** Arabs · **What happens:** fear, open, admit · **To what, where:** guards, gate, torrent

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:28:17
# text = The guards within feared to open the gate, lest with their friends they should admit a torrent of enemies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	within	within	ADP	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	feared	fear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	admit	admit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	torrent	torrent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fear** | participle · passive |  | the guards |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** | to-infinitive |  | the gate |  |  |  | lest Arabs's friends | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gate=Theme |
| 3 | **admit** *speech: other* | should | Arabs *= arab* | a torrent of enemies |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torrent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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