---
title: Here setting suddenly upon the unsuspecting guards, they put them to… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Here setting suddenly upon the unsuspecting guards, they put them to the edge of the sword, and, throwing open the gates, admitted a great body of the Arabs. Who acts: merchants. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capt
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona., sentence 34

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Here setting suddenly upon the unsuspecting guards, they put them to the edge of the sword, and, throwing open the gates, admitted a great body of the Arabs.

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**Who acts:** merchants · **What happens:** set, unsuspect, put, throw, open, admit · **To what, where:** unsuspecting guards, supplies, gates, great body

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:28:34
# text = Here setting suddenly upon the unsuspecting guards, they put them to the edge of the sword, and, throwing open the gates, admitted a great body of the Arabs.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	setting	set	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
3	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	unsuspecting	unsuspect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
22	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	admitted	admit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | gerund | merchants *= merchant* *not said here* |  |  | the unsuspecting guards; here |  | suddenly *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent upon guard=Destination |
| 2 | **unsuspect** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **put** | past | merchants *= merchant* | supplies |  |  |  | to the edge of the sword | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal |
| 4 | **throw** | gerund | merchants *= merchant* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **open** | infinitive | merchants *= merchant* *not said here* | the gates |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gate=Theme |
| 6 | **admit** *speech: other* | past | merchants *= merchant* *not said here* | a great body of the Arabs |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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