---
title: In the morning he perceived the gates of the city wide open. — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In the morning he perceived the gates of the city wide open. Who acts: Muza. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Marches Against the City of Seville., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Marches Against the City of Seville., sentence 16

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In the morning he perceived the gates of the city wide open.

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**Who acts:** Muza · **What happens:** perceive · **To what, where:** gates

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Marches Against the City of Seville.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:29:16
# text = In the morning he perceived the gates of the city wide open.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past | Muza | the gates of the city |  |  | morning |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer gate=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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