---
title: Understanding from his spies that the city had lost the flower of it… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Understanding from his spies that the city had lost the flower of its youth in the battle of the Guadalete, Muza anticipated but a faint resistance. Who acts: flower, city. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Marches Against the City of Seville., with its depe
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Marches Against the City of Seville., sentence 3

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Understanding from his spies that the city had lost the flower of its youth in the battle of the Guadalete, Muza anticipated but a faint resistance.

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**Who acts:** flower, city · **What happens:** understand, lose, anticipate, battle · **To what, where:** spies, Guadalete

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Marches Against the City of Seville.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flower, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:29:3
# text = Understanding from his spies that the city had lost the flower of its youth in the battle of the Guadalete, Muza anticipated but a faint resistance.
1	Understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	spies	spy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Guadalete	Guadalete	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Muza	Muza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	anticipated	anticipate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | gerund | the flower of city's youth in the battle of the Guadalete and Muza *not said here* |  |  | Seville's spies |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **lose** | past · perfect | the city |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **anticipate** | past | the flower of city's youth in the battle of the Guadalete and Muza |  |  |  |  | a faint resistance *conj* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **battle** |  |  | the Guadalete and Muza |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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