---
title: His first measure was against Witiza, who was brought in chains into… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: His first measure was against Witiza, who was brought in chains into his presence. Who acts: first measure, Roderick. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., sentence 19

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His first measure was against Witiza, who was brought in chains into his presence.

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**Who acts:** first measure, Roderick · **What happens:** be, bring, measure · **To what, where:** Witiza, chains

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first measure, Roderick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:3:19
# text = His first measure was against Witiza, who was brought in chains into his presence.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	measure	measure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Witiza	Witiza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Roderick's first measure |  |  |  |  | against Witiza | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | past · passive |  | Witiza |  | chains |  | into Roderick's presence | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into presence=Destination |
| 3 | **measure** |  | Roderick |  |  |  |  |  | nom measure «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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