---
title: “Let the evils he has inflicted on others be visited upon his own he… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “Let the evils he has inflicted on others be visited upon his own head,” said he: “as he did unto Theodofredo, even so be it done unto him.” Who acts: Roderick. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., with its dependency tree 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., sentence 21

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“Let the evils he has inflicted on others be visited upon his own head,” said he: “as he did unto Theodofredo, even so be it done unto him.”

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**Who acts:** Roderick · **What happens:** let, inflict, visit, say, do · **To what, where:** evils, others · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roderick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:3:21
# text = “Let the evils he has inflicted on others be visited upon his own head,” said he: “as he did unto Theodofredo, even so be it done unto him.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	evils	evil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	inflicted	inflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	visited	visit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Theodofredo	Theodofredo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
28	even	even	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	aux:pass	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	ccomp	_	_
33	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the evils |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evil=Theme |
| 2 | **inflict** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Roderick | the evils *not said here* |  | others |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **visit** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | upon Roderick's own head | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Roderick |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **do** *in a quote* | past | Roderick |  |  |  |  | unto Theodofredo | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **do** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | unto Roderick | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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