---
title: Having been informed that the governors of certain castles and fortr… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Having been informed that the governors of certain castles and fortresses in Castile and Andalusia had conspired against him, he caused them to be put to death, and their strongholds to be demolished. Who acts: Andalusia. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Ris
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., sentence 31

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Having been informed that the governors of certain castles and fortresses in Castile and Andalusia had conspired against him, he caused them to be put to death, and their strongholds to be demolished.

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**Who acts:** Andalusia · **What happens:** inform, conspire, cause, put, demolish · **To what, where:** governors, Castile, strongholds · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Andalusia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:3:31
# text = Having been informed that the governors of certain castles and fortresses in Castile and Andalusia had conspired against him, he caused them to be put to death, and their strongholds to be demolished.
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux	_	_
2	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	informed	inform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	governors	governor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	fortresses	fortress	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Castile	Castile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Andalusia	Andalusia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	conspired	conspire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
18	against	against	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	advcl	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	strongholds	stronghold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	demolished	demolish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient S»: clause=Topic |
| 2 | **conspire** | past · perfect · passive |  | the governors of certain castles and fortresses in Castile and Andalusia |  |  |  | against Andalusia | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** | past | Andalusia | Castile |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition they=Patient |
| 4 | **put** | to-infinitive · passive | Andalusia *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to death | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP» |
| 5 | **demolish** | to-infinitive · passive |  | Castile's strongholds |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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