---
title: A few cities were permitted to retain their fortifications, but thes… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: A few cities were permitted to retain their fortifications, but these were intrusted to Alcaydes, in whom he had especial confidence: the greater part of the kingdom was left defenceless. Who acts: governor. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roder
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., sentence 33

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A few cities were permitted to retain their fortifications, but these were intrusted to Alcaydes, in whom he had especial confidence: the greater part of the kingdom was left defenceless.

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**Who acts:** governor · **What happens:** permit, retain, intrust, have, leave · **To what, where:** few cities, fortifications, these, especial confidence, greater part

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (governor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:3:33
# text = A few cities were permitted to retain their fortifications, but these were intrusted to Alcaydes, in whom he had especial confidence: the greater part of the kingdom was left defenceless.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	retain	retain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	fortifications	fortification	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	intrusted	intrust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Alcaydes	alcayde	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	especial	especial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	27	amod	_	_
27	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
33	defenceless	defenceless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | past · passive |  | a few cities |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **retain** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | people's fortifications |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **intrust** | past · passive |  | these |  |  |  | to Alcaydes; whom *obl* | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | past | governor | especial confidence |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confidence=Patient |
| 5 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the greater part of the kingdom |  |  |  | defenceless *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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