---
title: How rare it is to learn wisdom from the misfortunes of others! — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: How rare it is to learn wisdom from the misfortunes of others! A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., sentence 38

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How rare it is to learn wisdom from the misfortunes of others!

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** misfortunes

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:3:38
# text = How rare it is to learn wisdom from the misfortunes of others!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	learn	learn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the misfortunes of others |  | wisdom *obj*; learn *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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