---
title: Witiza saw too late the evil he had brought upon himself. — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Witiza saw too late the evil he had brought upon himself. Who acts: Witiza. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government., sentence 8

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Witiza saw too late the evil he had brought upon himself.

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**Who acts:** Witiza · **What happens:** see, bring · **To what, where:** evil

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Rise of Don Roderick.—his Government.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Witiza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:3:8
# text = Witiza saw too late the evil he had brought upon himself.
1	Witiza	Witiza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Witiza | the evil |  |  |  | late *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer evil=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bring** | past · perfect | Witiza | the evil *not said here* |  |  |  | upon arm | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent evil=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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