---
title: Having formed his plan, and communicated it to his principal officer… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Having formed his plan, and communicated it to his principal officers, he ordered that, throughout the day, there should be kept up an appearance of negligent confusion in his encampment. Who acts: commander. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the Ci
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having formed his plan, and communicated it to his principal officers, he ordered that, throughout the day, there should be kept up an appearance of negligent confusion in his encampment.

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**Who acts:** commander · **What happens:** form, communicate, order, keep up, plan · **To what, where:** plan, principal officers, that, appearance

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (commander), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:30:17
# text = Having formed his plan, and communicated it to his principal officers, he ordered that, throughout the day, there should be kept up an appearance of negligent confusion in his encampment.
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
2	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	communicated	communicate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	25	expl	_	_
23	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	negligent	negligent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	encampment	encampment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | gerund · perfect |  | commander's plan |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plan=Theme |
| 2 | **communicate** | past |  | plan | commander's principal officers |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Topic to officer=Recipient |
| 3 | **order** | past | commander | that |  |  | day |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 4 | **keep up** | should · passive |  | a appearance of negligent confusion in commander's encampment |  | there |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: appearance=Theme |
| 5 | **plan** |  | commander |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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