---
title: These preparations being made, they awaited the approach of the enem… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: These preparations being made, they awaited the approach of the enemy in breathless silence. Who acts: preparations, enemy. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., sentence 21

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These preparations being made, they awaited the approach of the enemy in breathless silence.

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**Who acts:** preparations, enemy · **What happens:** make, await, approach · **To what, where:** preparations, approach, breathless silence

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (preparations, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:30:21
# text = These preparations being made, they awaited the approach of the enemy in breathless silence.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	preparations	preparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	awaited	await	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	approach	approach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	breathless	breathless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund · passive |  | this preparations |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **await** | past | preparations *= preparation* | the approach of the enemy |  | breathless silence |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **approach** |  | the enemy |  |  |  |  |  | nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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