---
title: An army seemed to spring up from the earth; squadrons of horse came… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: An army seemed to spring up from the earth; squadrons of horse came thundering on them in front, while the quarry poured forth legions of armed warriors in their rear. Who acts: army, squadrons. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida.,
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., sentence 28

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An army seemed to spring up from the earth; squadrons of horse came thundering on them in front, while the quarry poured forth legions of armed warriors in their rear.

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**Who acts:** army, squadrons · **What happens:** seem, spring up, come, thunder, pour · **To what, where:** earth, quarry legions, front, quarry

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (army, squadrons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:30:28
# text = An army seemed to spring up from the earth; squadrons of horse came thundering on them in front, while the quarry poured forth legions of armed warriors in their rear.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	spring	spring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	squadrons	squadron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	thundering	thunder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	quarry	quarry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
24	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
25	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	legions	legion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	rear	rear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | a army |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **spring up** | to-infinitive | a army *not said here* |  |  | the earth |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | squadrons of horse | quarry legions of armed warriors in squadrons's rear |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **thunder** | gerund | squadrons of horse *not said here* |  |  | front |  | on squadrons *= squadron* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on they=Location |
| 5 | **pour** | participle |  | the quarry *not said here* |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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