---
title: “Hell itself,” cried they, “is on the side of these infidels; the ea… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “Hell itself,” cried they, “is on the side of these infidels; the earth casts forth warriors and steeds to aid them. Who acts: Hell, earth. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., sentence 31

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“Hell itself,” cried they, “is on the side of these infidels; the earth casts forth warriors and steeds to aid them.

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**Who acts:** Hell, earth · **What happens:** cry, be, cast, aid · **To what, where:** side, warriors, Christians · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hell, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:30:31
# text = “Hell itself,” cried they, “is on the side of these infidels; the earth casts forth warriors and steeds to aid them.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hell	hell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	infidels	infidel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	casts	cast	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
21	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	steeds	steed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	aid	aid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Hell  Hell |  |  |  |  | Christians *= christian* *nsubj* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  | the side |  | of this infidels | tree rules |
| 3 | **cast** *in a quote* | present | the earth | warriors and steeds |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warrior=Product |
| 4 | **aid** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the earth *not said here* | Christians *= christian* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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