---
title: The populace, however, forbade any one to leave the city, and, barri… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The populace, however, forbade any one to leave the city, and, barring the gates, prepared to defend themselves to the last. Who acts: populace. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, with its dependen
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 26

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The populace, however, forbade any one to leave the city, and, barring the gates, prepared to defend themselves to the last.

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**Who acts:** populace · **What happens:** forbid, leave, bar, prepare, defend · **To what, where:** one, city, gates

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (populace), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:31:26
# text = The populace, however, forbade any one to leave the city, and, barring the gates, prepared to defend themselves to the last.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	populace	populace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	forbade	forbid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	barring	bar	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	parataxis	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	22	obj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | past | the populace | any one |  |  |  | however *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer one=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | to-infinitive | the populace *not said here* | the city |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme |
| 3 | **bar** | gerund | the populace *not said here* | the gates |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer gate=Theme |
| 4 | **prepare** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **defend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | gates *= gate* |  |  |  | to the last | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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