---
title: In this way be checked and harassed the Moslem army in all its movem… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In this way be checked and harassed the Moslem army in all its movements; showering down missiles upon it from overhanging precipices, and waylaying it in narrow and rugged defiles, where a few raw troops could make stand against a host. Who acts: few raw troops, army. A sentence of «Legends of the 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 40

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In this way be checked and harassed the Moslem army in all its movements; showering down missiles upon it from overhanging precipices, and waylaying it in narrow and rugged defiles, where a few raw troops could make stand against a host.

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**Who acts:** few raw troops, army · **What happens:** check, harass, shower down, overhang, waylay, make · **To what, where:** way, Moslem army, movements, missiles, army, precipices

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few raw troops, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:31:40
# text = In this way be checked and harassed the Moslem army in all its movements; showering down missiles upon it from overhanging precipices, and waylaying it in narrow and rugged defiles, where a few raw troops could make stand against a host.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	checked	check	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	harassed	harass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Moslem	Moslem	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	movements	movement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
16	showering	shower	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
17	down	down	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	missiles	missile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	_
21	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	overhanging	overhang	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
23	precipices	precipice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	waylaying	waylay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	conj	_	_
32	defiles	defile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
34	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	40	advmod	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
36	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
37	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	troops	troops	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	40	nsubj	_	_
39	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
41	stand	stand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
42	against	against	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | infinitive · passive |  |  |  | this way |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: in way=Location |
| 2 | **harass** | past |  | the Moslem army |  | army's movements |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus army=Experiencer |
| 3 | **shower down** | gerund |  | missiles |  | army |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent missile=Theme upon it=Destination |
| 4 | **overhang** | gerund |  | precipices |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme precipice=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **waylay** | gerund |  | army |  | narrow defiles |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **make** | could | a few raw troops | stand |  |  |  | against a host | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stand=Product |
| 7 | **move** |  | army |  |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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