--- title: At the dawn of day the gates were thrown open, and Abdalasis looked… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: At the dawn of day the gates were thrown open, and Abdalasis looked to see a great force issuing forth; but, to his surprise, beheld merely Theodomir and his page in battered armour, followed by a multitude of old men, women, and children. Who acts: Abdalasis, great force, surprise, multitude. A sen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/87/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Expedition of Abdalasis Against Sevill…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/) / 87 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 87 At the dawn of day the gates were thrown open, and Abdalasis looked to see a great force issuing forth; but, to his surprise, beheld merely Theodomir and his page in battered armour, followed by a multitude of old men, women, and children. **Who acts:** Abdalasis, great force, surprise, multitude, Theodomir · **What happens:** throw, look, see, issue, behold, batter · **To what, where:** gates, great force, Theodomir, battered armour, surprise This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abdalasis, great force, surprise, multitude), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:31:87 # text = At the dawn of day the gates were thrown open, and Abdalasis looked to see a great force issuing forth; but, to his surprise, beheld merely Theodomir and his page in battered armour, followed by a multitude of old men, women, and children. 1 At at ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 gates gate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 thrown throw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 Abdalasis Abdalasis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 xcomp _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 force force NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 issuing issue VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 acl _ _ 21 forth forth ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 23 but but CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 surprise surprise NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 beheld behold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 acl _ _ 30 merely merely ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 Theodomir Theodomir PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 page page NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 battered batter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 amod _ _ 37 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 followed follow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 advcl _ _ 40 by by ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 multitude multitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 women woman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **throw** | past · passive | | the gates | | | dawn | children *obl*; open *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **look** | past | Abdalasis | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | Abdalasis *not said here* | a great force | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer force=Stimulus | | 4 | **issue** | gerund | a great force *not said here* | | | | | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **behold** | participle | Abdalasis's surprise *not said here* | Theodomir and Theodomir's page | | battered armour | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **batter** | participle | | | | | | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **follow** | participle · passive | a multitude of old men and women | Abdalasis's surprise | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 8 | **surprise** | | Abdalasis | | | | | | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent | | 9 | **page** | | Theodomir | | | | | | nom page «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 86](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/86/) - next →: [sentence 88](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/88/) - ↑ back to [Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/)