---
title: In the course of a little while Muza received a humiliating letter f… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In the course of a little while Muza received a humiliating letter from the caliph, ordering him to restore Taric to the command of the soldiers “whom he had so gloriously conducted;” and not to render useless “one of the best swords in Islam!” A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Was
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Arrives At Toledo.—interview Between Him and Taric., sentence 36

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In the course of a little while Muza received a humiliating letter from the caliph, ordering him to restore Taric to the command of the soldiers “whom he had so gloriously conducted;” and not to render useless “one of the best swords in Islam!”

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**What happens:** receive, humiliate, order, restore, conduct, not render · **To what, where:** humiliating letter, course, Muza, Taric, command, soldiers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Arrives At Toledo.—interview Between Him and Taric.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:32:36
# text = In the course of a little while Muza received a humiliating letter from the caliph, ordering him to restore Taric to the command of the soldiers “whom he had so gloriously conducted;” and not to render useless “one of the best swords in Islam!”
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	Muza	Muza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	humiliating	humiliate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	caliph	caliph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	ordering	order	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	restore	restore	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
21	Taric	Taric	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	31	obj	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
32	so	so	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
33	gloriously	gloriously	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	conducted	conduct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
41	useless	useless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	xcomp	_	_
42	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	41	conj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	47	amod	_	_
47	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	Islam	Islam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past |  | a humiliating letter |  | the course of little Muza |  | from the caliph | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent letter=Theme from caliph=Source |
| 2 | **humiliate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **order** | gerund |  |  | Muza |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **restore** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | Taric | the command of the soldiers |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent taric=Theme to command=Recipient |
| 5 | **conduct** *in a quote* | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | gloriously *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **not** **render** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | useless *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **command** |  |  | the soldiers |  |  |  |  | nom command «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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