---
title: Bending his course westwardly, he made a circuit behind the mountain… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Bending his course westwardly, he made a circuit behind the mountains, and then, advancing into the open country, displayed his banners before Salamanca, which surrendered without resistance. Who acts: Taric, Salamanca. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter X
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 14

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Bending his course westwardly, he made a circuit behind the mountains, and then, advancing into the open country, displayed his banners before Salamanca, which surrendered without resistance.

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**Who acts:** Taric, Salamanca · **What happens:** bend, make, advance, display, surrender · **To what, where:** course, circuit, mountains, open country, banners

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taric, Salamanca), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:33:14
# text = Bending his course westwardly, he made a circuit behind the mountains, and then, advancing into the open country, displayed his banners before Salamanca, which surrendered without resistance.
1	Bending	bend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	westwardly	westwardly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	advancing	advance	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	displayed	display	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	banners	banner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	before	before	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Salamanca	Salamanca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	surrendered	surrender	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	without	without	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | gerund | Taric *not said here* | Taric's course |  |  |  | westwardly *property* | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent course=Material |
| 2 | **make** | past | Taric | a circuit |  | the mountains |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circuit=Product |
| 3 | **advance** | gerund | Taric *not said here* |  |  | the open country | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into country=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **display** | past | Taric *not said here* | Taric's banners |  |  | before Salamanca |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent banner=Theme |
| 5 | **surrender** | past | Salamanca |  |  |  |  | without resistance | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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