---
title: When Muza arrived, Taric had already been for some time before the p… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: When Muza arrived, Taric had already been for some time before the place, laying close siege: the inhabitants were pressed by famine, and had suffered great losses in repeated combats; but there was a spirit and obstinacy in their resistance surpassing any thing that had yet been witnessed by the in
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/18/)

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 18

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When Muza arrived, Taric had already been for some time before the place, laying close siege: the inhabitants were pressed by famine, and had suffered great losses in repeated combats; but there was a spirit and obstinacy in their resistance surpassing any thing that had yet been witnessed by the invaders.

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**Who acts:** Muza, Taric, place, famine, spirit, resistance · **What happens:** arrive, have, be, lay, press, suffer · **To what, where:** close siege, inhabitants, great losses, repeated combats, thing

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muza, Taric, place, famine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:33:18
# text = When Muza arrived, Taric had already been for some time before the place, laying close siege: the inhabitants were pressed by famine, and had suffered great losses in repeated combats; but there was a spirit and obstinacy in their resistance surpassing any thing that had yet been witnessed by the invaders.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Muza	Muza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Taric	Taric	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	already	already	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	laying	lay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
17	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	siege	siege	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	pressed	press	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	conj	_	_
30	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	losses	loss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	amod	_	_
34	combats	combat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
36	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	38	expl	_	_
38	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	obstinacy	obstinacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
46	surpassing	surpass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	45	acl	_	_
47	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	48	det	_	_
48	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
49	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	53	obj	_	_
50	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	aux	_	_
51	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
52	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	53	aux:pass	_	_
53	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	acl:relcl	_	_
54	by	by	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	invaders	invader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | Muza |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | Taric |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | participle |  |  |  |  | for some time; before the place |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **lay** | gerund | the place *not said here* | close siege |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent siege=Result |
| 5 | **press** | past · passive | famine | the inhabitants |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 6 | **suffer** | past · perfect | famine *not said here* | great losses |  | repeated combats |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer loss=Stimulus |
| 7 | **repeat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 8 | **be** | past | a spirit in spirit's resistance and obstinacy |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **surpass** | gerund | spirit's resistance *not said here* | any thing |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme |
| 10 | **witness** | past · perfect · passive | the invaders | any thing |  |  | yet |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Beneficiary |
| 11 | **resist** |  | spirit |  |  |  |  |  | nom resistance «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Chapter XII.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/)