---
title: He overcame the cities of Barcelona, Gerona, and others that lay on… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: He overcame the cities of Barcelona, Gerona, and others that lay on the skirts of the eastern mountains: then crossing into the land of the Franks, he captured the city of Narbonne; in a temple of which he found seven equestrian images of silver, which he brought off as trophies of his victory. Who 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 36

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He overcame the cities of Barcelona, Gerona, and others that lay on the skirts of the eastern mountains: then crossing into the land of the Franks, he captured the city of Narbonne; in a temple of which he found seven equestrian images of silver, which he brought off as trophies of his victory.

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**Who acts:** MUZA, others · **What happens:** overcome, lay, cross, capture, find, bring off · **To what, where:** cities, skirts, land, city, seven equestrian images, silver

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (MUZA, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:33:36
# text = He overcame the cities of Barcelona, Gerona, and others that lay on the skirts of the eastern mountains: then crossing into the land of the Franks, he captured the city of Narbonne; in a temple of which he found seven equestrian images of silver, which he brought off as trophies of his victory.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	overcame	overcome	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Barcelona	Barcelona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Gerona	Gerona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	skirts	skirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
23	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Franks	frank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	captured	capture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Narbonne	Narbonne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	44	obl	_	_
43	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
44	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	acl:relcl	_	_
45	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	47	nummod	_	_
46	equestrian	equestrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
51	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	53	obj	_	_
52	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
53	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	acl:relcl	_	_
54	off	off	ADP	RP	_	53	compound:prt	_	_
55	as	as	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	trophies	trophy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	59	nmod:poss	_	_
59	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcome** | past | MUZA | the cities of Barcelona and Gerona and others |  |  |  | a temple *parataxis* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot city=Theme |
| 2 | **lay** | present | others |  |  | the skirts of the eastern mountains |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on skirt=Destination |
| 3 | **cross** | gerund | MUZA *not said here* |  |  | the land of the Franks | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into land=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **capture** | past | MUZA | the city of Narbonne |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme |
| 5 | **find** | past | MUZA | seven equestrian images of silver |  |  |  | of a temple | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent image=Topic |
| 6 | **bring off** | past | MUZA | seven equestrian images of silver |  |  |  | as trophies of MUZA's victory | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality |
| 7 | **image** |  |  | silver |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Chapter XII.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/)