---
title: All its cities and fortresses, and strong holds, were in the hands o… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: All its cities and fortresses, and strong holds, were in the hands of the Saracens, excepting some of the wild mountain tracts that bordered the Atlantic, and extended towards the north. Who acts: wild mountain tracts. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/39/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Chapter XII.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/) / 39

# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 39

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All its cities and fortresses, and strong holds, were in the hands of the Saracens, excepting some of the wild mountain tracts that bordered the Atlantic, and extended towards the north.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wild mountain tracts · **What happens:** hold, be, except, border, extend · **To what, where:** hands, some, Atlantic, north, cities

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wild mountain tracts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:33:39
# text = All its cities and fortresses, and strong holds, were in the hands of the Saracens, excepting some of the wild mountain tracts that bordered the Atlantic, and extended towards the north.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	fortresses	fortress	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Saracens	Saracen	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	excepting	except	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
20	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	tracts	tract	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	bordered	border	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	extended	extend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
33	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the hands |  | of the Saracens | tree rules |
| 3 | **except** | gerund |  | some of the wild mountain tracts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **border** | past | the wild mountain tracts | the Atlantic |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme atlantic=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **extend** | past |  |  |  | the north |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent towards north=Path |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/38/)
- next →: [sentence 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/40/)
- ↑ back to [Chapter XII.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/)