---
title: He sent letters, therefore, ordering them to leave suitable persons… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: He sent letters, therefore, ordering them to leave suitable persons in charge of their several commands, and appear, forthwith, before him at Damascus. Who acts: safety, persons. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIII., with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIII., sentence 12

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He sent letters, therefore, ordering them to leave suitable persons in charge of their several commands, and appear, forthwith, before him at Damascus.

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**Who acts:** safety, persons · **What happens:** send, order, leave, appear, charge, command · **To what, where:** letters, suitable persons, charge, several commands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (safety, persons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:34:12
# text = He sent letters, therefore, ordering them to leave suitable persons in charge of their several commands, and appear, forthwith, before him at Damascus.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	ordering	order	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
11	suitable	suitable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	commands	command	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	appear	appear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	forthwith	forthwith	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	before	before	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	parataxis	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Damascus	Damascus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | safety | letters |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 2 | **order** | gerund | safety *not said here* |  | Letters *= letter* |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | to-infinitive | safety *not said here* | suitable persons |  | charge of persons's several commands |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent person=Theme in charge=Location |
| 4 | **appear** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | safety *parataxis*; forthwith *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **charge** |  |  | persons's several commands |  |  |  |  | nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **command** |  | persons *= person* |  |  |  |  |  | nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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