---
title: When he had uttered these words, say the Arabian chronicles, he resu… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: When he had uttered these words, say the Arabian chronicles, he resumed his wayfaring; but his eyes were bent upon the ground, and frequent sighs bespoke the heaviness of his heart. Who acts: Cordova, frequent sighs. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIII
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIII., sentence 25

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When he had uttered these words, say the Arabian chronicles, he resumed his wayfaring; but his eyes were bent upon the ground, and frequent sighs bespoke the heaviness of his heart.

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**Who acts:** Cordova, frequent sighs · **What happens:** utter, say, resume, bend, bespeak · **To what, where:** words, Arabian chronicles, wayfaring, eyes, ground, heaviness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cordova, frequent sighs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:34:25
# text = When he had uttered these words, say the Arabian chronicles, he resumed his wayfaring; but his eyes were bent upon the ground, and frequent sighs bespoke the heaviness of his heart.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	uttered	utter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Arabian	Arabian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	resumed	resume	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	wayfaring	wayfaring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	frequent	frequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	sighs	sigh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	bespoke	bespeak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	heaviness	heaviness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **utter** *speech: other* | past · perfect | Cordova | this words |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  | the Arabian chronicles |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent chronicle=Topic |
| 3 | **resume** | past | Cordova | Cordova's wayfaring |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wayfaring=Eventuality |
| 4 | **bend** | past · passive |  | Cordova's eyes |  | the ground |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: subject=Theme upon ground=Location |
| 5 | **bespeak** | past | frequent sighs | the heaviness of Cordova's heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/34/24/)
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- ↑ back to [Chapter XIII.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/34/)