---
title: He held a sway that might have gratified the ambition of the proudes… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: He held a sway that might have gratified the ambition of the proudest sovereign, for all western Africa and the newly acquired peninsula of Spain were obedient to his rule; and he was renowned throughout all the lands of Islam as the great conqueror of the west. Who acts: FEUD, acquired peninsula, p
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIII., sentence 3

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He held a sway that might have gratified the ambition of the proudest sovereign, for all western Africa and the newly acquired peninsula of Spain were obedient to his rule; and he was renowned throughout all the lands of Islam as the great conqueror of the west.

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**Who acts:** FEUD, acquired peninsula, proudest sovereign · **What happens:** hold, gratify, acquire, be, renown, ambition · **To what, where:** sway, FEUD

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (FEUD, acquired peninsula, proudest sovereign), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:34:3
# text = He held a sway that might have gratified the ambition of the proudest sovereign, for all western Africa and the newly acquired peninsula of Spain were obedient to his rule; and he was renowned throughout all the lands of Islam as the great conqueror of the west.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sway	sway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
6	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
8	gratified	gratify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ambition	ambition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	proudest	proud	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
14	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
18	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	obedient	obedient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux:pass	_	_
36	renowned	renown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
37	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	40	det:predet	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Islam	Islam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	as	as	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	conqueror	conqueror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | FEUD | a sway |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sway=Theme |
| 2 | **gratify** | might · perfect |  | a sway |  |  |  | for all western Africa; the ambition of the proudest sovereign *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus that=Experiencer ambition=Result |
| 3 | **acquire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **is** | past | the acquired peninsula of Spain |  |  |  |  | to FEUD's rule; obedient *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **renown** | past · passive |  | FEUD |  |  | throughout all lands of Islam | as the great conqueror of the west | tree rules |
| 6 | **ambition** |  | the proudest sovereign |  |  |  |  |  | nom ambition «feeling intransitive»: of=agent |
| 7 | **rule** |  | FEUD |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Chapter XIII.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/34/)