---
title: “It is not enough, O Abdalasis,” said Ayub, “that we conquer and rul… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “It is not enough, O Abdalasis,” said Ayub, “that we conquer and rule this country with the sword: if we wish our dominion to be secure, we must cultivate the arts of peace, and study to secure the confidence and promote the welfare of the people we have conquered.” Who acts: manner, Ayub, we. A sen
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Conduct of Abdalasis As Emir of Spain., sentence 27

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“It is not enough, O Abdalasis,” said Ayub, “that we conquer and rule this country with the sword: if we wish our dominion to be secure, we must cultivate the arts of peace, and study to secure the confidence and promote the welfare of the people we have conquered.”

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**Who acts:** manner, Ayub, we · **What happens:** not be, say, conquer, rule, wish, be · **To what, where:** country, dominion, arts, confidence, welfare, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Conduct of Abdalasis As Emir of Spain.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manner, Ayub, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:36:27
# text = “It is not enough, O Abdalasis,” said Ayub, “that we conquer and rule this country with the sword: if we wish our dominion to be secure, we must cultivate the arts of peace, and study to secure the confidence and promote the welfare of the people we have conquered.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
8	Abdalasis	Abdalasis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Ayub	Ayub	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	conquer	conquer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	advcl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	rule	rule	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	wish	wish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
29	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	dominion	dominion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
33	secure	secure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
35	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	arts	art	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	parataxis	_	_
45	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
46	secure	secure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	xcomp	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	promote	promote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	conj	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	welfare	welfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obj	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nmod	_	_
56	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
57	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
58	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	55	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | manner |  |  |  |  | Abdalasis *vocative*; enough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ayub |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **conquer** *in a quote* | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **rule** *in a quote* | present | we *not said here* | this country |  |  |  | with the sword | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme |
| 5 | **wish** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | we | our dominion |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dominion=Theme |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | secure *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **cultivate** *in a quote* | must | we | the arts of peace |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent art=Product |
| 8 | **study** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 9 | **secure** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | the confidence |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition confidence=Theme |
| 10 | **promote** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the welfare of the people |  |  |  |  | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent welfare=Theme |
| 11 | **conquer** *in a quote* | present · perfect | we | the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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