---
title: “Alas!” replied she, “have I not cause to weep, seeing how sad is my… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “Alas!” replied she, “have I not cause to weep, seeing how sad is my condition, and how great the height from which I have fallen? Who acts: I. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Loves of Abdalasis and Exilona., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Loves of Abdalasis and Exilona., sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Alas!” replied she, “have I not cause to weep, seeing how sad is my condition, and how great the height from which I have fallen?

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** reply, not cause, weep, see, be, fall · **To what, where:** heart, condition, height · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Loves of Abdalasis and Exilona.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:37:14
# text = “Alas!” replied she, “have I not cause to weep, seeing how sad is my condition, and how great the height from which I have fallen?
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	parataxis	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	weep	weep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
17	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
18	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	acl:relcl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	obl	_	_
30	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: ask* | past |  | heart |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent she=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **cause** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **weep** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **see** *in a quote* | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | my condition |  |  |  | my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 6 | **fall** *in a quote* | present · perfect | I |  |  | the height |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from which=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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