---
title: The enemies of Abdalasis, those whose rapacious spirits had been kep… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The enemies of Abdalasis, those whose rapacious spirits had been kept in check by the beneficence of his rule, seized upon this occasion to ruin him. Who acts: beneficence, Abdalasis. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza., sentence 18

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The enemies of Abdalasis, those whose rapacious spirits had been kept in check by the beneficence of his rule, seized upon this occasion to ruin him.

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**Who acts:** beneficence, Abdalasis · **What happens:** keep, seize, ruin, rule · **To what, where:** enemies, check, Abdalasis

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beneficence, Abdalasis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:38:18
# text = The enemies of Abdalasis, those whose rapacious spirits had been kept in check by the beneficence of his rule, seized upon this occasion to ruin him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Abdalasis	Abdalasis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
7	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	rapacious	rapacious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	check	check	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	beneficence	beneficence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	seized	seize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	ruin	ruin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · perfect · passive | the beneficence of Abdalasis's rule | the enemies of Abdalasis |  | check |  | that rapacious spirits *nsubj:pass* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in check=Location |
| 2 | **seize** | participle | the beneficence of Abdalasis's rule *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon this occasion | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ruin** | to-infinitive | the beneficence of Abdalasis's rule *not said here* | Abdalasis |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 4 | **rule** |  | Abdalasis |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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