---
title: Their bodies were left exposed upon the ground, and would have been… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Their bodies were left exposed upon the ground, and would have been devoured by dogs, had they not been gathered at night by some friendly hand, and poorly interred in one of the courts of their late dwelling. Who acts: bodies, dogs, friendly hand. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza., sentence 47

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Their bodies were left exposed upon the ground, and would have been devoured by dogs, had they not been gathered at night by some friendly hand, and poorly interred in one of the courts of their late dwelling.

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**Who acts:** bodies, dogs, friendly hand · **What happens:** leave, expose, devour, not gather, inter · **To what, where:** bodies

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bodies, dogs, friendly hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:38:47
# text = Their bodies were left exposed upon the ground, and would have been devoured by dogs, had they not been gathered at night by some friendly hand, and poorly interred in one of the courts of their late dwelling.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	exposed	expose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	devoured	devour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
21	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	28	det	_	_
27	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	poorly	poorly	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	interred	inter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	courts	court	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
40	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | graces's bodies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **expose** | participle | graces's bodies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon the ground | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **devour** | would · perfect · passive | dogs |  |  |  |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **gather** | past · perfect · passive | some friendly hand | bodies *= body* |  |  | night |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 5 | **inter** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in one of the courts of graces's late dwelling; poorly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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