---
title: The withered son of the desert took the boy by the hand, and led him… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The withered son of the desert took the boy by the hand, and led him up the winding staircase of a tower. Who acts: withered son. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 145

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The withered son of the desert took the boy by the hand, and led him up the winding staircase of a tower.

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**Who acts:** withered son · **What happens:** wither, take, lead up, wind · **To what, where:** boy

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (withered son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:39:145
# text = The withered son of the desert took the boy by the hand, and led him up the winding staircase of a tower.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	winding	wind	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	staircase	staircase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | past | the withered son of the desert |  | the boy |  |  | by the hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument boy=Destination |
| 3 | **lead up** | past | the withered son of the desert *not said here* | boy |  |  |  | the winding staircase of a tower *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **wind** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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