---
title: Upon this the emir swore, with horrid imprecations, that whoever of… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Upon this the emir swore, with horrid imprecations, that whoever of the captives refused should himself be stoned to death. Who acts: emir. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 167

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Upon this the emir swore, with horrid imprecations, that whoever of the captives refused should himself be stoned to death.

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**Who acts:** emir · **What happens:** swear, refuse, stone · **To what, where:** whoever

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (emir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:39:167
# text = Upon this the emir swore, with horrid imprecations, that whoever of the captives refused should himself be stoned to death.
1	Upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	emir	emir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	horrid	horrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	imprecations	imprecation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	whoever	whoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	captives	captive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
16	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	stoned	stone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | the emir |  |  |  |  | upon this; with horrid imprecations | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **refuse** | past |  |  |  |  |  | of the captives | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stone** | should · passive |  | whoever  that |  |  |  | to death *result*; God *nsubj:pass* | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to death=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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