---
title: In the course of his studies and travels in the East, he had collect… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In the course of his studies and travels in the East, he had collected the knowledge and experience of ages; being skilled in astrology and, it is said, in necromancy, and possessing the marvellous gift of prophecy or divination. Who acts: Suleiman. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» b
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 48

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In the course of his studies and travels in the East, he had collected the knowledge and experience of ages; being skilled in astrology and, it is said, in necromancy, and possessing the marvellous gift of prophecy or divination.

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**Who acts:** Suleiman · **What happens:** travel, collect, skill, say, possess, study · **To what, where:** East, knowledge, course, astrology, necromancy, marvellous gift · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Suleiman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:39:48
# text = In the course of his studies and travels in the East, he had collected the knowledge and experience of ages; being skilled in astrology and, it is said, in necromancy, and possessing the marvellous gift of prophecy or divination.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	collected	collect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	skilled	skill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	parataxis	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	astrology	astrology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	necromancy	necromancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	possessing	possess	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	prophecy	prophecy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	divination	divination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | Suleiman *not said here* |  |  | the East |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in east=Trajectory |
| 2 | **collect** | past · perfect | Suleiman | the knowledge and experience of ages |  | the course of Suleiman's studies |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme |
| 3 | **skill** | gerund · passive |  |  |  | astrology |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | astrology |  | necromancy |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme in necromancy=Manner |
| 5 | **possess** | gerund | Suleiman *not said here* | the marvellous gift of prophecy or divination |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gift=Theme |
| 6 | **study** |  | Suleiman |  |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 7 | **experience** |  |  | ages |  |  |  |  | nom experience «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 8 | **gift** |  |  | prophecy or divination |  |  |  |  | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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