---
title: On the following morning, a messenger arrived with tidings that the… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: On the following morning, a messenger arrived with tidings that the Bishop Oppas had been made prisoner in battle by the insurgent Christians of the Asturias, and had died in fetters in a tower of the mountains. Who acts: messenger, insurgent. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Wash
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 82

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On the following morning, a messenger arrived with tidings that the Bishop Oppas had been made prisoner in battle by the insurgent Christians of the Asturias, and had died in fetters in a tower of the mountains.

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**Who acts:** messenger, insurgent · **What happens:** follow, arrive, make, die · **To what, where:** Bishop Oppas, battle

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messenger, insurgent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:39:82
# text = On the following morning, a messenger arrived with tidings that the Bishop Oppas had been made prisoner in battle by the insurgent Christians of the Asturias, and had died in fetters in a tower of the mountains.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Bishop	Bishop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Oppas	Oppas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
18	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Asturias	Asturias	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	fetters	fetter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **arrive** | participle | a messenger |  |  |  | morning | with tidings | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past · perfect · passive | the insurgent | the Bishop Oppas |  | battle |  | prisoner *xcomp* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |
| 4 | **die** | past · perfect | a messenger *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in a tower of the mountains; in fetters | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in fetter=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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