---
title: They saw the armada of the emir at a distance, and hoped to be able… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: They saw the armada of the emir at a distance, and hoped to be able to hold out until its arrival. Who acts: squares, distance. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 90

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They saw the armada of the emir at a distance, and hoped to be able to hold out until its arrival.

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**Who acts:** squares, distance · **What happens:** see, hope, be, hold out, arrive · **To what, where:** armada · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (squares, distance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:39:90
# text = They saw the armada of the emir at a distance, and hoped to be able to hold out until its arrival.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	armada	Armada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	emir	emir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	hoped	hope	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	until	until	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | squares *= square* | the armada of the emir at a distance |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer armada=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hope** | past | squares *= square* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **hold out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | until distance's arrival |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **arrive** |  | distance |  |  |  |  |  | nom arrival «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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