---
title: The countess herself spoke to him from a tower, and set him at defia… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The countess herself spoke to him from a tower, and set him at defiance. Who acts: countess. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 99

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The countess herself spoke to him from a tower, and set him at defiance.

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**Who acts:** countess · **What happens:** speak, set · **To what, where:** fleet, tower, defiance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (countess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:39:99
# text = The countess herself spoke to him from a tower, and set him at defiance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	countess	countess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	defiance	defiance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the countess |  | fleet | a tower |  | Alahor *nsubj* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **set** | infinitive | the countess *not said here* | fleet |  | defiance |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme at defiance=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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