---
title: The air was perfumed by fragrant shrubs and flowers; the groves reso… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The air was perfumed by fragrant shrubs and flowers; the groves resounded with the song of the nightingale; while the gush of fountains and waterfalls, and the distant murmur of the Tagus, made it a delightful retreat during the sultry days of summer. Who acts: fragrant shrubs, distant murmur, night
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Story of Florinda., sentence 5

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The air was perfumed by fragrant shrubs and flowers; the groves resounded with the song of the nightingale; while the gush of fountains and waterfalls, and the distant murmur of the Tagus, made it a delightful retreat during the sultry days of summer.

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**Who acts:** fragrant shrubs, distant murmur, nightingale, fountains · **What happens:** perfume, resound, make, sing, gush, murmur · **To what, where:** air, groves, Tagus

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Story of Florinda.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fragrant shrubs, distant murmur, nightingale, fountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:6:5
# text = The air was perfumed by fragrant shrubs and flowers; the groves resounded with the song of the nightingale; while the gush of fountains and waterfalls, and the distant murmur of the Tagus, made it a delightful retreat during the sultry days of summer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	perfumed	perfume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	fragrant	fragrant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shrubs	shrub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	groves	grove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
13	resounded	resound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	nightingale	nightingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	gush	gush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	fountains	fountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	waterfalls	waterfall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	murmur	murmur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Tagus	Tagus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
37	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	delightful	delightful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
42	during	during	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	sultry	sultry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perfume** | past · passive | fragrant shrubs and flowers | the air |  |  |  | the groves and the gush of fountains and waterfalls *obl* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Destination |
| 2 | **resound** | participle |  | the groves and the gush of fountains and waterfalls *not said here* |  |  |  | with the song of the nightingale | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP.location V NP.theme»: agent=Location with song=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | the distant murmur of the Tagus | air |  |  | day | a delightful retreat *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset it=Beneficiary retreat=Product |
| 4 | **sing** |  | the nightingale |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 5 | **gush** |  | fountains and waterfalls |  |  |  |  |  | nom gush «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 6 | **murmur** |  |  | the Tagus |  |  |  |  | nom murmur «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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