---
title: They were arranged with marvellous cunning, so as to represent battl… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: They were arranged with marvellous cunning, so as to represent battles and warlike deeds of times and heroes long since passed away; and the whole surface was so admirably polished that the stones were as lustrous as glass, and reflected the rays of the sun with such resplendent brightness as to daz
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 10

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They were arranged with marvellous cunning, so as to represent battles and warlike deeds of times and heroes long since passed away; and the whole surface was so admirably polished that the stones were as lustrous as glass, and reflected the rays of the sun with such resplendent brightness as to dazzle all beholders.

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**Who acts:** whole surface, stones · **What happens:** arrange, represent, pass away, be, reflect, dazzle · **To what, where:** marbles, battles, rays, beholders, sun

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whole surface, stones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:8:10
# text = They were arranged with marvellous cunning, so as to represent battles and warlike deeds of times and heroes long since passed away; and the whole surface was so admirably polished that the stones were as lustrous as glass, and reflected the rays of the sun with such resplendent brightness as to dazzle all beholders.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cunning	cunning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	represent	represent	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	deeds	deed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
20	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
21	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
23	away	away	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
30	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
31	admirably	admirably	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	polished	polish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
33	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
37	as	as	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	lustrous	lustrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	advcl	_	_
39	as	as	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
49	with	with	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
51	resplendent	resplendent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	brightness	brightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
53	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	55	mark	_	_
54	to	to	PART	TO	_	55	mark	_	_
55	dazzle	dazzle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
56	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	57	det	_	_
57	beholders	beholder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrange** | past · passive |  | marbles *= marble* |  |  |  | with marvellous cunning | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with cunning=Instrument |
| 2 | **represent** | to-infinitive |  | battles and warlike deeds of times and heroes |  |  |  | long *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot battle=Theme |
| 3 | **pass away** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past | the whole surface *not said here* |  |  |  |  | admirably, polish *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | the stones |  |  |  |  | as glass; lustrous *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **reflect** | past | the whole surface *not said here* | the rays of the sun |  |  |  | with such resplendent brightness | tree rules |
| 7 | **dazzle** | to-infinitive | the whole surface *not said here* | all beholders |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus beholder=Experiencer |
| 8 | **ray** |  |  | the sun |  |  |  |  | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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