---
title: Here there was a narrow arched way cut through the living stone; the… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Here there was a narrow arched way cut through the living stone; the only entrance to the tower. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 13

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Here there was a narrow arched way cut through the living stone; the only entrance to the tower.

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**What happens:** arch, be, cut · **To what, where:** narrow arched way

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:8:13
# text = Here there was a narrow arched way cut through the living stone; the only entrance to the tower.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	arched	arch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | a narrow arched way and the only entrance to the tower |  |  |  | the only entrance to the tower *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut** | participle |  | a narrow arched way and the only entrance to the tower *not said here* |  |  |  | through the living stone | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through stone=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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